Trends in Bioremediation of Heavy Metal Contaminations

Heavy metal contamination of the ecosystem remains one severe global threats. Even in trace quantities, heavy metals and metalloids such as chromium, lead, mercury, cadmium, nickel, cobalt are toxic carcinogenic, posing a serious threat to human life. Certain microbes plants have evolved detoxifying pathways fight harmful effects these inorganic metals, paving door for bioremediation. Because its environmentally benign nature, economic viability, low labor effort requirements, bioremediation outperforms other approaches eliminating metals. This review highlights potential on remediation context environmental protection also focuses critical tolerance mechanisms used by combating contaminations. Furthermore, bacteria, fungus, algae, plants, biosurfactants, biofilms genetically altered microorganisms removal was reviewed this study. Applying techniques sustainable technology near future has shown synergistic benefits with many-fold increase